Pioneer/Imaging Lab 1

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This page serves as a supplement to the first Digital Image Processing Lab for the Summer 2021 Pioneer Program.

Corrections / Clarifications to the Handout

  • None yet

Running Python

You need to have Anaconda installed, which includes the Spyder IDE and all the modules that we need for this assignment.

Scikit Image

See Pioneer21/Lecture03 for more details about using the scikit-image module.

Links

Examples

The following sections will contain both the example programs given in the lab as well as the image or images they produce. You should still type these into your own version of Python to make sure you are getting the same answers. These are provided so you can compare what you get with what we think you should get.

Example 1: Black & White Images

PS21DI1E1Plot1.png
PS21DI1E1Plot2.png 
a = np.array([
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 0],
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 1, 1, 0, 0],
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 1]])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
ax.imshow(a, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax.set_axis_off()
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E1Plot1.png")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=2, clear=True)
aplot2 = ax.imshow(a, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
fig.colorbar(aplot2)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E1Plot2.png")


Example 2: Simple Grayscale Images

PS21DI1E2Plot1.png
PS21DI1E2Plot2.png 
bx, by = np.meshgrid(range(255), range(255))
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
aplot1 = ax.imshow(bx, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
fig.colorbar(aplot1)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E2Plot1.png")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=2, clear=True)
aplot2 = ax.imshow(by, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
fig.colorbar(aplot2)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E2Plot1.png")


Example 3: Less Simple Grayscale Images

PS21DI1E3Plot1.png 
x, y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 201),
                   np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 201));
z = np.cos(x)*np.cos(2*y);
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
zplot = ax.imshow(z, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax.axis('equal')
fig.colorbar(zplot)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E3Plot1.png")

Notice how the use of ax.axis('equal') made the image look like a square since it is 201x201 but also caused the display to be filled with whitespace as a result of the figure size versus the image size.

Example 4: Building an Image

PS21DI1E4Plot1.png 
rad = 100
delta = 10
x, y =np.meshgrid(range((-3*rad-delta),(3*rad+delta)+1),
                  range((-3*rad-delta),(3*rad+delta)+1))
rows, cols = x.shape
dist = lambda x, y, xc, yc: np.sqrt((x-xc)**2+(y-yc)**2)
venn_img = np.zeros((rows, cols, 3));
venn_img[:,:,0] = (dist(x, y, rad*np.cos(0), rad*np.sin(0)) < 2*rad);
venn_img[:,:,1] = (dist(x, y, rad*np.cos(2*np.pi/3), rad*np.sin(2*np.pi/3)) < 2*rad);
venn_img[:,:,2] = (dist(x, y, rad*np.cos(4*np.pi/3), rad*np.sin(4*np.pi/3)) < 2*rad);
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
ax.imshow(venn_img)
ax.axis('equal')
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E4Plot1.png")


Example 5: Exploring Colors

PS21DI1E5Plot1.png 
nr = 256
nc = 256
x, y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(0, 1, nc),
                   np.linspace(0, 1, nr))
other = 0.5;
palette = np.zeros((nr, nc, 3))
palette[:,:,0] = x
palette[:,:,1] = y
palette[:,:,2] = other
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
ax.imshow(palette)
ax.axis('equal')
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E5Plot1.png")


Example 6: 1D Convolution

x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 8, 7, 5, -1])
h = np.array([1, -1])
y = sig.convolve(x, h)
print("x: {}\nh: {}\ny: {}".format(x, h, y))

x: [ 1  2  4  8  7  5 -1]
h: [ 1 -1]
y: [ 1  1  2  4 -1 -2 -6  1]


Example 7: 1D Convolution Using "same"

x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 8, 7, 5, -1])
h = np.array([1, -1])
y = sig.convolve(x, h, "same")
print("x: {}\nh: {}\ny: {}".format(x, h, y))

x: [ 1  2  4  8  7  5 -1]
h: [ 1 -1]
y: [ 1  1  2  4 -1 -2 -6]


Example 8: 11x11 Blurring

PS21DI1E8Plot1.png
PS21DI1E8Plot2.png 
x = ski.data.coins()
h = np.ones((11, 11))/11**2;
y = sig.convolve2d(x, h, 'same');
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
aplot1 = ax.imshow(x, cmap=plt.cm.gray, vmin=0, vmax=255)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Original')
fig.colorbar(aplot1)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E8Plot1.png")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=2, clear=True)
aplot2 = ax.imshow(y, cmap=plt.cm.gray, vmin=0, vmax=255)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Blurred')
fig.colorbar(aplot2)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E8Plot2.png")


Example 9: Make No Assumptions

x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 8, 7, 5, -1])
h = np.array([1, -1])
y = sig.convolve(x, h, "valid")
print("x: {}\nh: {}\ny: {}".format(x, h, y))

x: [ 1  2  4  8  7  5 -1]
h: [ 1 -1]
y: [ 1  2  4 -1 -2 -6]


Example 10: Basic Edge Detection and Display

x, y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-1, 1, 200),
                   np.linspace(-1, 1, 200));
z1 = (.7<np.sqrt(x**2+y**2)) * (np.sqrt(x**2+y**2)<.9)
z2 = (.3<np.sqrt(x**2+y**2)) * (np.sqrt(x**2+y**2)<.5)
zimg = 100*z1+200*z2;
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
aplot1 = ax.imshow(zimg, cmap=plt.cm.gray, vmin=0, vmax=255)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Original')
fig.colorbar(aplot1)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E9Plot1.png")

hx = np.array([[1, -1]])
edgex = sig.convolve2d(zimg, hx, 'same')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=2, clear=True)
aplot2 = ax.imshow(edgex, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Vertical Edges')
fig.colorbar(aplot2)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E9Plot2.png")

hy = np.array([[1], [-1]])
edgey = sig.convolve2d(zimg, hy, 'same')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=3, clear=True)
aplot3 = ax.imshow(edgey, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Horizontal Edges')
fig.colorbar(aplot3)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E9Plot3.png")

edges = np.sqrt(edgex**2 + edgey**2)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=4, clear=True)
aplot4 = ax.imshow(edges, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Edges')
fig.colorbar(aplot4)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E9Plot4.png")

  • Original

  • Vertical Edges

  • Horizontal Edges

  • Edges


Example 11: Chips!

import matplotlib.image as mpimg
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
img = mpimg.imread("amandajones_chips_unsplash.jpg")

fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
ax.imshow(img)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Original')
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E11Plot1.png")
vals = np.linspace(0, 1, 256)
names = ['Red', 'Green', 'Blue']
for k in range(3):
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=k+2, clear=True)
    aplot1 = ax.imshow(img[:,:,k], cmap=plt.cm.gray, vmin=0, vmax=255)
    ax.axis('equal')
    ax.set(title=names[k]+" as Gray")
    fig.colorbar(aplot1)
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig("PS21DI1E11Plot{}.png".format(k+2))
    
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=k+5, clear=True)
    mycmvals = np.zeros((256,4))
    mycmvals[:,k] = vals
    mycmvals[:,3] = 1
    mycm = ListedColormap(mycmvals)
    aplot2 = ax.imshow(img[:,:,k], cmap=mycm, vmin=0, vmax=255)
    ax.axis('equal')
    ax.set(title=names[k]+" as "+names[k])
    fig.colorbar(aplot2)
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig("PS21DI1E11Plot{}.png".format(k+5))

  • Original

  • Red as Gray

  • Green as Gray

  • Blue as Gray

  • Red as Red

  • Green as Green

  • Blue as Blue


Example 12: Chip Edges!

from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
imgo = mpimg.imread("amandajones_chips_unsplash.jpg")
img = imgo[::10, ::10, :]

fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True)
ax.imshow(img)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title='Scaled Down Original')
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E12Plot1.png")
vals = np.linspace(0, 1, 256)
names = ['Red', 'Green', 'Blue']
h = np.array([[1, 0, -1],[ 2, 0, -2], [ 1, 0, -1]])
edgevals = np.zeros((img.shape[0]-h.shape[0]+1,
                     img.shape[1]-h.shape[1]+1,
                     3))
for k in range(3):
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=k+2, clear=True)
    edgevals[:,:,k] = sig.convolve2d(img[:,:,k], h, "valid")
    aplot1 = ax.imshow(edgevals[:,:,k], cmap=plt.cm.gray, vmin=-1024, vmax=1024)
    ax.axis('equal')
    ax.set(title=names[k]+" Edges as Gray")
    fig.colorbar(aplot1)
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig("PS21DI1E12Plot{}.png".format(k+2))
    
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=k+5, clear=True)
    aplot2 = ax.imshow(edgevals[:,:,k], cmap=plt.cm.gray, vmin=0, vmax=1024)
    ax.axis('equal')
    ax.set(title="Absolute " + names[k]+" Edges as Gray")
    fig.colorbar(aplot2)
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig("PS21DI1E12Plot{}.png".format(k+5))

fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=8, clear=True)
edgevals2 = (edgevals + abs(edgevals).max()) / 2 / abs(edgevals).max()
ax.imshow(edgevals2)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title="Colorful Edges")
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E12Plot8.png")

fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=9, clear=True)
edgevals3 = np.linalg.norm(edgevals, ord=2, axis=2)
ax.imshow(edgevals3, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax.axis('equal')
ax.set(title="Absolute Edges")
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig("PS21DI1E12Plot9.png")

  • Original

  • Red Edges as Gray

  • Green Edges as Gray

  • Blue Edges as Gray

  • Absolute Red Edges as Gray

  • Absolute Green Edges as Gray

  • Absolute Blue Edges as Gray

  • Colorful Edges

  • Absolute Edges



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